Why do geese fly in a V formation

A.� There are two theories. First this flying formation is aerodynamically efficient: the goose at the head of the V creates a slipstream, making it easier for those behind. This theory is lent extra credence by the fact that geese fly in a tight V formation when undertaking their longest journeys.

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Because the leader will experience all the tiring factors of being at the front and is buffeted about by air currents, others swap and take over this important position.

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The second theory is that the goose at the head of the V is the most experienced and by fanning out behind him each goose is able to see the leader without having to turn their heads.

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Q.� How do the geese know where to go

A.� Geese fly to the same place each year, so even if some in the pack have never been to their winter breeding grounds before, someone else has and knows where to go. They follow well-known land features, such as river banks to guide them on their way. Not only do they travel to the same places but they also arrive at their destination at the same time each year.

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Some geese do all their flying during the night. Obviously these geese only fly in certain conditions: there has to be a full moon to show up coastlines and rivers, a westerly wind to help them head east, and a clear sky.

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Some ornithologists have suggested that nighttime flyers navigate using the stars.

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Q.� Where do they come from

A.� Geese travel from cold climates such as Iceland and Russia to winter in the relatively milder UK.

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Q.� As they're so big, can they travel at any kind of speed

A.� Actually, larger birds like geese are among the swiftest, sometimes attaining an air speed of a mile a minute.

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by Lisa Cardy