Your bamboo screen idea looks feasible to me, and keeping the roots contained is also a good idea, as the roots can be very invasive.
I would go for troughs that are fairly deep, about a foot would be ideal.
Provide some gravel in the bottoms for good drainage, then infill with a general purpose compost.
Use a slow release pelleted fertilizer every six months.
suitable species might be : Arundinaria bashrinia or Bambusa chusquea, plus several more you might consider.