Other than offending one's sensibilities, there's no real reason a badger wouldn't be safely edible. The Chinese eat them regularly. They are omnivores and the survivalist rule of thumb is that one can eat any animal that eats other animals. The badger's diet (at least here in the U.S.) consists primarily of worms and insect larvae. I haven't eaten badger, since they are fairly rare, however growing up with my grandfather in rural southern U.S., we ate quite a lot of Wood Chucks or more commonly, in the South at least, called Ground Hogs. They were quite tasty, although a little greasy. My grandfather and I would either trap or shoot one in a large wood pile on the back of the farm. After skinning and cleaning, he would soak it overnight in cold salt water. He then baked it with vegetables. It probably weighed at least 5 pounds and provided meals for three or four days.
In other cultures they are also known as Marmots