you would probably be entitled to some housing benefit, but this is means tested and would keep you at a low income level while claiming and you would probably end up in a bedsit/similar hovel. my advice would be to go and see shelter (national homelessness charity), your local cab and/or local council housing advice service (who will be able to answer all your questions properly and without opinion).
also, if there is violence at home, you may be able to claim domestic violence through your local homelessness team and be rehoused that way (but they may try and bully you through this process to avoid having to house you). at 17 and a victim of violence, you would be in priority need and they would have to find you more secure housing of some kind - again, if they try and say they don't have to house you/ask your parents/involve the police stand your ground and refuse and threaten them with shelter/housing advice interventions to support yourself.
i moved out when i was 16 due to much the same reasons as i felt i would go insane if i stayed at home any longer - it was the best thing i ever did for myself BUT it took ten long hard years (with a child i had when i was your age) to study at college and then uni to become a nurse. i have been in the job for 8 months and all the blood, sweat and tears along the way was worth it. but i had to live in some absolutely sh!t accommodation along the way.
i wish you luck and whichever route you choose to go down, you will have to persevere. get as much advice, support and advocacy as you can and remember that nobody has the right to physically abuse you (or otherwise) whoever they may be. good luck