Happy Beaujolais Nouveau Day, Everyone !!!
The harvest is over. The grapes are picked. The wine will be ready for drinking next year. But the villagers are in the mood for a party. They want to drink the wine now! How can that be done?
The answer is – a wine produced by a fermentation process called “carbonic maceration”, or “whole-berry fermentation”.
Traditionally, winemaking begins by crushing the grapes. The juice of the grapes is mixed with the skins. For red wine, the skins are left in the pulp during fermentation, so that tannins (as well as the colour) are extracted from the grape skins. This tannin gives the wine structure and body. Yeast is added to create fermentation.
With carbonic maceration, the grapes are not crushed. Instead, the grapes are piled on top of each other inside a sealed container. Some of the grapes at the bottom are squashed by the weight of the grapes on top. This causes them to release carbon dioxide (don’t ask, unless you’re a bio-chemist!). The carbon dioxide permeates the grape skins and begins to stimulate natural fermentation at an intracellular level – inside the intact grapes. This means that the skins themselves are not involved in the fermentation process, so the tannins are not extracted from the skins. No artificial yeast is added. The ambient yeast present in the grape skins is sufficient.
The wine producers have to get this process juuuuust right! Producing Beaujolais Nouveau requires a high degree of precision and skill.
As the grapes continue to ferment, more carbon dioxide is released. Being denser than oxygen, the carbon dioxide pushes the oxygen out through any permeable surface. This creates a mostly anaerobic environment for the uncrushed grapes to continue fermenting, by carbonic maceration. Ethanol is produced as a natural by-product of the process.
The end result is a wine that is light in structure, and almost completely free from tannins (when the grape are subsequently pressed, the skins give colour, but not tannin). Because of the absence of these harsh tannins, which normally take time to soften, the wine can be drunk almost straight away.
However, since tannins are also the preservatives of wine, and contribute to wines maturing over time, Beaujolais Nouveau cannot be kept very long, and it does not change with age. Some wine drinkers continue to avoid Beaulolais Nouveau. The locals in Beaujolais (and Brighton), on the other hand, drink it in the streets, drink it with ice, out of a plastic cups, with straws, straight out of the bottle – however they like. For the wine growing community, it is a short-lived celebration.
So, enjoy it ABers ... drink Beaujolais Nouveau ... fave fun, be happy, allow yourselves to become cheerily intoxicated for a short and jolly time.
Love and jolliness to you all.
JJ x x x