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John the Baptist
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For more on marking an answer as the "Best Answer", please visit our FAQ.IThe Umayyad mosque was a church dedicated to John the Baptist before it became a mosque. You can read more about it here:
http://www.syriagate.com/Syria/about/cities/Damascus/umayyad.htm
John the Baptist was supposedly beheaded and it is claimed that it is the head of John the Baptist that is in this mosque.
John the Baptist (also called John the Baptizer) is regarded as a prophet by at least three religions: Christianity, Islam, and Mandaeanism.
From Mt 14:1-12; Mk 6:14-29 and Lk 23:7-12: ....Salome took the plate with the head of Saint John and gave it to her mother. The frenzied Herodias repeatedly stabbed the tongue of the prophet with a needle and buried his holy head in a unclean place. But the pious Joanna, wife of Herod's steward Chuza, buried the head of John the Baptist in an earthen vessel on the Mount of Olives, where Herod was possessor of a parcel of land. (The Uncovering of the Venerable Head is celebrated 24 February). The holy body of John the Baptist was taken that night by his disciples and buried at Sebasteia, there where the wicked deed had been done....."
Sebasteia (now Sivas) was the capital city of the former Byzantine province of Armenia Prima, and Sivas is today the capital city of the velyat of Sivas, in Turkey, in Cappodocia.