The Medieval arrow, like its present day descendant, consisted of three parts: the stele (shaft), the arrow head, and the fletching (feathers). But, not just any feathers were acceptable: Medieval archers preferred the pinion (flight) feathers of the bird's wing. The most commonly used feathers were from the grey goose: "These were tough, durable, cheap and in plentiful supply". There were three feathers to a shaft, fixed by "binding, adhesion, or a combination of both" As for the stele of the arrow, up to fourteen different woods were used. They included brazil, birch, oak, and ash. But ash was the best for war arrows since it was "both swifter and heuier, is more fit for sheaafe arrows."
Any archer who was worth his salt would be very adept at making his own supply of arrows as they were generally made specifically to suit his bow. Only in times of war were mass-produced supplies shipped in from village�s as during this time, quantity rather than quality was the essence.