1800s brick most likely to be a 9" solid brick wall. Rain easily penetrates that thickness of solid construction.
This is a very common problem. The pukka way is to fix a detached timber stud wall inside the original with a cavity and insulation, finished in plasterboard and plaster. The trouble is, very few landlords will go to the expense, despite the fact that it's protecting her investment.
There's very little that you, as a tenant, can do.
A cheap, effective solution to penetrating damp is to simply paint a simple silicon based sealer on the external surface. It lasts quite a few years, and works well.
http://www.decorating...cone_Water_Repellent/
The interior plaster will then dry out in time. :o)