I'd refer you to the RHS site or allotment site for information. Rav1d is nearly correct , there are three groups, first earlies, second earlies then maincrop.
Current opinion is divided about chatting or not, but if you do chit your seed potatoes you can see how many stems will grow. Again general feeling is to leave 3or 4 sprouted growths and rub out the remainder.
It is quite possible to get a good crop growing under woven fabric with slits cut in it , planting about 6" deep through the slits , earthing up is then not required.
Last few years the maincrops here (in Devon) have suffered with blight , so I now just grow first earlies , variety Rocket and second earlies , variety Charlotte
both excellent flavoured waxy/ salad potatoes
Sarto Mira is reputedly a blight resistant maincrop .. Big red skinned potatoes with reasonable flavour.
Sending off for seed catalogues is an idea as many contain useful info on spuds. Google Tuckers in or Thompson and Morgan , good but pricey or better still find your local allotments and go down and,ask some questions. allotmenteers are always ready to give advice!
It is possible, but a bit trickier to grow spuds to dig fresh for Xmas lunch, but I think the jury's out on the value of that, still , it would cut down on air miles and provide a conscience free part to the festivities !!