For the speakers, it will depend on their sensitivity, but I would imagine a line out (usually a pair of RCA sockets).
For the deck it will depend. If it has a piezo cartridge, or a built-in pre-amp, then a line in or Aux input will be fine, but if it has a magnetic cartridge and no pre-amp, then you will need a n input specifically called designed for the job (usually called a Phono input, but not to be confused with the sockets themselves [RCA sockets are often referred to as Phono sockets]). The reason for this is that, before mastering, vinyl records have their frequency curve modified to reduce the bass so that the track can be narrower. The natural frequency response of a piezo cartridge just happens to compensate for this, but a special circuit (an RIAA filter) is required to perform the compensation fro the raw output of a magnetic cartridge.