there are 4 different climate catagories given to fridges and freezers, unfortunatley none of these are of any help to you as none of them can work below 10 degrees, for your best chance you need to look for one that is climate level SN as these can go as low as 10 degrees but will still prob struggle at lower temps, the other common climate level is N which cant go in a place colder than 16 degrees. there are 2 other classes but these are only for hotter temperatures not colder so are of no use to you.
Im pretty sure the reason that chest freezers can sometimes survive is that the majority of the mechanics is covered by the casing of the freezer giving it a little protection, fridges freezers and fridge freezers usually have very little protection on the back of the appliance and maybe therefore cannot cope as well with the cold.