Give it a couple of weeks and then ring them. Tell them what job you have applied for and ask (politely) if they have had chance to read your CV yet. They will either say, "Yes, we have, but we don't have any suitable vacancies at the moment." or, "No, we have been inundated with applications and are still sorting through them. We'll contact you if you get to interview level."
Or something to that effect.
I know stamps are expensive but when I was applying for jobs I always put at the end of my application, "Please find enclosed a stamped, addressed envelope for you convenience when replying." and put a stamped, addressed envelope with the application. This seems to pressurise the employer into replying, whether it's good news or bad.