There is no maximum time limit for obtaining probate. Now the caveat has been warned and an appearance entered, the estate is frozen until someone makes the next move. No grant can be obtained (although in this case, it might be sensible to obtain a protective grant just to prevent the property deteriorating further). If the niece does nothing, it may be possible to make an application to have the caveat removed. However, the most likely course of events is either the caveator or the beneficiaries under the will will issue and serve a claim form and commence a contested probate claim. Now the executor has renounced, the next person entitled to take the grant of representation is the residuary beneficiary. However, until matters are resolved, no general grant will be issued. At the moment, no-one is responsible for dealing with the estate and the Probate Registry has no mechanism for forcing the estate to be administered. Ultimately, it is the beneficiaries who will lose out and they should be seeking urgent legal advice.