Hi Gaz, The alternator generates alternating current .
The cars electrical system uses direct current.
the rectifier converts the AC into DC by means of four diodes.
A diode is a type of transistor that only allows the current to flow in one direction. ( into the battery ).
But If one or more of the diodes fail, then the current can flow back out of the battery.
The rectifier/Diodes are part of the alternator, and to check them you would need a voltmeter and the know how to use it.
After all this explanation the fault could lay elsewere.
Maybe the best advice would be to exchange your alternator. But do you know how to remove and refit the damn thing?
Probably best to get it done by an Auto Electrician.
BTW, Did you disconnect the battery while the engine was running? Not a good idea.