Maybe so, Scylax, but the scholars at The Oxford English Dictionary have failed to come up with any such connection, I'm afraid.
They know that a 'janker' (singular) was a long pole on wheels used in Scotland to carry heavy loads and that 'jankers', in the sense required here, was first recorded in 1916.
It seems improbable, therefore, that they would have missed any sense of 'Napoleonic fetter'. Personally, I'd trust the Army for many things but etymology isn't one of them! Cheers