Help with parsing, please. 2d Scale a scale, short of the bitter end. (6) -s-e-d. I’ve got ASCEND, but can’t see apart from the definition. 14d 7 in 7, everything originally from a European City. (8) v-e-n-s-. I’ve got VIENNESE, but again can’t see apart from the definition. Btw, 7 in the grid is TRICKY. Thanks.
Also, how did some clever people solve 23, 1 and 5 down when the wrong number of letters was given?