a. A focus on the main character and what he or she has learned throughout the play.
b. The development of a play's characters, through the addition of a conflict
c. When the audience is prepared for what is to come
d. When background information is given to the audience.
I have looked at lots of websites and I have not found anything. Please help!
Of the choices above, by the way, (d) and (c) sound like the device known as dramatic irony, whereby the audience is told something in the course of the play which is unknown to some of the characters or, more usually, the principal character, who therefore continue in ignorance of it and act accordingly. The audience then feels like wincing as the character goes blissfullly to his doom !