1:
https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/barrister.aspx
and
https://nationalcareersservice.direct.gov.uk/advice/planning/jobprofiles/Pages/solicitor.aspx
2. Barristers have the right to represent their clients in all courts of law, so they can undertake the work of solicitors if they so wish.
3. It would be an unusual route, as they'd still need to go through the 'pupillage'. (See my first link). However some solicitors already have the right to represent their clients in Crown Courts, so they can undertake some of the work done by barristers anyway.
4. See the 'Income' sections in my links above. It's worth noting though that barristers are self-employed and have to start paying substantial fees to their chambers well before they actually start receiving any income. (Many law graduates choose not to become barristers simply because they can't afford to live for more than a year without any income in the early stages of their career).
5. 'Lawyer' isn't a 'protected title' in the UK. Anyone can call themself a lawyer. In practice the term is used generically to embrace barristers, solicitors, legal executives and notaries public.
6. Pass!
7. We don't have the same 'bail bond' system as the USA, so there would be no employment available for potential bounty hunters. You'd have no chance of getting a big gun either. Even the British Olympic Shooting Team has to keep their guns, and train, outside the UK.
8. All courts are presided over by Judges except Magistrates Courts, where three lay Magistrates normally preside. (However a single Judge can sit instead),
9. Judges are appointed by the Judicial Appointments Commission:
http://jac.judiciary.gov.uk/
10. You're in good company!