As I thought, the term "bangs" for the abruptly cut off over the forehead style of ladies haircut is related to the style of horse tail cut that has been around for centuries. In the American Civil War, 1860-1865, several cavalry units all rode horses with this style of tail-cut (is that a word?). So much so that it came to be known as "bang-tailed", which also entered the American lexicon to denote a new or green army recruit. My suspicions were confirmed by
Lycos-Q, who says: It appears that in the 1860's, when the horse's tail is cut 'flat' or abruptly across, it is called bangtailed. The hair related expression was recorded near 1870, so the origin seems to make sense.
"Fringe", here in the western U.S. is most often used to describe the strings of leather or other material hanging from typically western clothes, especially, deer or elk skin jackets and coats, seen
here ...
This derived, quite obviously, from Native American dress, which had practical benefits of providing useful pieces of string as well as adornment... More than you ever wanted to know, I'm sure...