I would not talk to your surgeon at all - he/she won't develop it and as you say might just take the credit.
These sort of things take a massive amount of money in testing before they are allowed to be used - especially if it goes inside the body, so only a medical research appliance company is going to want to do this.
I would Google for a medical research company in the general area of what you are thinking about, then phone a few to find out who to write to, regarding ideas.
It'll have to be good though to interest them