The instrument used for altitude reference is the altimeter (clever, no?). Below and altitude of 18,000 feet it has a small barometric window that is reset often to the local barometric setting, i.e., the barometric pressure of the air locally. Above 18,000 feet, all altimeters are set at a standard of 29.92 inches of mercury, at least in the U.S. In European countries, another window referencing millibars is used. This assures all aircraft are at the same pressure altitude. With the advent of electric altimetry, most of the settings are automatic. However, most transport aircraft still have, as a standby, an old reliable barometric altimeter... So, the aircraft would stay at your referenced 30,000 feet but only by reference to the air pressure. This may or may not be 30,000 feet above the ground. On instrument approaches in bad weather, a radar altimeter is used for exact heighth above ground, but these generally only work at 3,000 feet or so above the surface... By the way, Australia and some other countries have differences in terminology and altitudes at which settings are changed, but it's basically the same system...