Sometimes, it is disparagingly called "gardening" by igneous and metamorphic petrologists - but these are the people who think of anything after the Permian as "Recent".
Sedimentary rocks are the ones that, when seen as parts of pavements or buildings, often show bands and layers, known as "bedding". These are where layers of sand or grit or mud have built up and become solidified into rock (it is called "lithification") - and often contain shells and fossils.
These are different to rocks formed deep in the Earth or the rocks that form from the eruptions from volcanoes.
Sedimentary rocks are the equivalent to mud falling to the bottom of a pond and, over a long, long time (millions of years) - becoming solid rock.