And, no, Gromit, literacy is not better now than it has ever been.
I received my primary education in the 1950s. I lived in a working class area, my father was a painter and decorator and my mother a clerk. I went to the local primary school, where I was taught in a class of about 36.
The abilities of those 36 obviously varied but all of us could read and write competently, most of us by about age 9 and all of us by eleven. It was unheard of for anybody of my age (unless they were disabled) to be unable to do so by the time they moved on to senior school.
I�m not sure what the situation was in Victorian times, but certainly at the time my parents and I were educated (and that�s all the first hand knowledge I have), the idea that anybody should be unable to read and write after six years of primary education was unthinkable.