knew that would be the next question :)
The density of sea water raises as it gets to it's freezing point, meaning as soon as the water at the surface of the sea is cooled enough for it to freeze it sinks and is replaced by slightly warmer water from below, this process will keep repeating until the entire depth of the water is at a low enough temperature to freeze, only then will ice start to form on the surface of the sea.
Road salt only works down to a certain temperature, then it will do nothing at all and what point it will work or stop working depends how much salt there is , seawater has a salt content of about 3.5% so doesn't freeze until -2C, a 10% solution of salt in water wouldn't freeze until about -6C an a 20% solution wouldn't freeze until about -16 (though in reality salt stops working on roads at about -10C)