Maybe the angle I should have tried is that he was, undoubtedly, taught about God long before his first lessons in advanced mathematics - or anything else. One very rarely has to "unlearn" things we've previously been taught. Father Christmas being one example we all experience.
Given my sub-'A'-level maths knowledge, I cannot think of any aspect of it which would directly challenge his views about the existence of god. Indeed, you hear mathematicians on
Horizon describe the intrinsic beauty of some of the emergent properties of various equations.
Having died in the mid 1950s, before high speed computers, Einstein probably never set eyes on a drawing of a fractal pattern but, I'd guess that he'd view it as beautiful and yet more evidence of the existence of god.
From my perspective, I see self-similarity/fractals as an explanation of how structures as complex-looking as a feather or a fern leaf can, in fact be achieved with a very small amount of "code". Conjecture but we could have one segment coding for the basic shape that gets repeated, another coding for how much lengthwise growth before branching and beginning the next iteration, a third determining how many repeats before the gross structure reaches its "full grown" state. (See also comparative anatomy, with regard to mammalian bones having a "theme and variations" aspect to them).
Like I said, not an area of any interest to Einstein.
Mendel's discoveries about inheritance of characteristics were not recognised until 1900, according to this:-
http://www.dnaftb.org/4/bio.html
I don't often find an excuse to say it but everything Darwin wrote was in complete ignorance of Mendel's findings. Both of them would not have had a clue what DNA was.
In summary: I can't imagine Einstein experienced anything which shook his faith to the core or caused him any doubt or, even if anything did, cultural pressures might have suppressed any desire to express such doubt.
Go on, say that his works were divine inspiration. I dares ya'.