The vast amount of software needs to be 'installed' before it can be run, which involves making changes to a computer's registry. For that reason, one can't simply copy program files from one computer to another (or back them up directly onto external drives or into the cloud). If that was possible, software piracy would be rife.
However it is possible to 'clone' a hard drive (or solid state drive). That enables you to make a copy of the entire contents of your hard drive (or SSD) at a particular time. If you subsequently get a new drive (or computer) you can simply load that copy onto it, so that your new system is tricked into thinking that you're still using your old one. The back-up copy can either be stored on external media or uploaded to the cloud.
Just like anti-virus software, etc, there are free versions of commercial programs available that, while not coming with all the 'bells and whistles' offered by the paid-for versions, are perfectly good enough for most people's needs anyway. The most well-known brand names for such software are Macrium Reflect Free
https://www.macrium.com/reflectfree
and EaseUS Todo Backup Free