Go to My Computer and click on the hard drive that you want to look at (you probably only have one, named "C"). You can then browse through your disc. Log on using an Admin account.
To see everything go to Tools>Folder Options>View and enable "Show hidden files and folders" while disabling "Hide protected operating system files". BE WARNED doing so will make important parts of your system vulnerable to accidental deletion/damage and (from the sounds of your post) I don't think that this would be a good idea.
If you give some idea of what you are looking for, it would help.
PS: The above methods will only show files that have not been deleted. To see those you will need something like "Restoration" which may take a VERY long time to run, especially if you have a large hard drive.