We always use the France Hotel (not far from Gef's recommendation), just across the road from Centraal Station, on a quiet lttle canalside next door to a pub (where you get your breakfast - it's owned by the hotel) and just about - by the skin of its teeth - in the red-light district, and therefore surrounded by interesting little bars and restaurants. It's only a few minutes walk, but crossing the main road outside the station may take you longer than the walk to the hotel! That's true of all the hotels you'll be checking out, of course.
http://www.francehotelamsterdam.com