I can confirm that, in france in 1998, the train toilet emptied directly onto the tracks, i could see them and the ground below going past. Unfortunately, i couldn`t read the french sign that said `Dont use if the train is in a station`. Maybe if all trains did this nowadays, then there would be no need to tell children not to play on the tracks!
Yes, it does still happen, and yes it does still empty straight onto the track.
Rail workers are told to raise their hand to acknowledge a passing train. .... and soon learn to turn away as it goes past in case someone is flushing.