Like most southern cities, a "circle" road runs the entire circumfrence of Atlanta. Each segment of that circle is really a city within itself. From Stone Mountain on the east to College Park on the south near the airport., to the upscale community of Buckhead, north of downtown. Transportation to the city center is very good. The most distant point is probably the south end where Hartsfield airport is located. It's about 7 to 8 mile from the city center and there's several good hotels there. One of my favorites is the Marriott Renaissance Concourse Hotel about 1/2 miles from the airport. I travel extensively and have always had good results with any of the Marriott products. Fairfield Inns are their low end product followed by Courtyard but they are all accetable, clean and reasonable. Check here:
http://www.marriott.com/default.mi
Additionally, perhaps this can help:
http://travel.yahoo.com/p-map-191501914-map_of _atlanta_ga-i
Keep in mind, that while there's a lot to see an do in and around Atlanta, it's better known as a business destination. Having said that, don't miss the Coca-Cola Center or the Underground. Good luck and welcome to the U.S.!