Human Rights and Privacy
When the state (including the local authority) wants to collect personal information about individuals, the right to private life as protected by human rights legislation becomes relevant. In particular, Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which was incorporated into UK law by the Human Rights Act 1998, protects the right to respect for private and family life. This right is qualified, which means that it can be interfered with by the state in certain limited circumstances. In particular, any interference needs to promote a specific legitimate aim.
In other words, a restriction on the right will only be compatible with the Convention if it is aimed at protecting one of the interests set out in Article 8(2), namely national security, public safety, the prevention of crime, the economic wellbeing of the country, the protection of health or morals or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. The interference must be properly regulated by the law and must be �necessary in a democratic society�. This latter concept means the interference with the right must be a proportionate response to the legitimate aim. If the aim can be achieved by a less intrusive method then that method must be used instead.
Under the HRA, public authorities must act in a way which is compatible with the Convention rights. While the primary duty on the state articulated in Article 8 is to refrain from interfering with an individual�s right to respect for his or her private and family life, a positive duty may also arise, namely, a duty to take action to ensure that Article 8 rights are effectively protected.