It's lunar, as Allen says above, and tidal in origin, Gmc. Nearly all calendars were started by peoples living in fertile river valleys, such as the Tigris and Euphrates, whose estuaries are tidal. Between new moon and full moon, tides at first decrease and then increase in height, influenced by the moon's pull, and this sequence repeats round to new moon again. That is, there are four clear sections of about seven days which more or less fit each lunar month and the early calendar-makers were aware of this.