It depends on two things. First, is your car USB socket, USB 1 or 2?
USB 1 does not provide a charging circuit. The USB 2 standard should provide a charging output of 2.5W as a minimum. The great majority of USB 2 sockets on PC's stick to this minimum. So you need to find out what your device wants to draw when charging. It could charge OK, slowly or not at all, depending on how much it wants to draw. Check the supplied wall socket charger you got with the device to get a clue of the draw needed. Modern devices with long term batteries need a lot of power to charge. For instance the new Apple iPad needs 10W, the HP iSlate needs 25W. In both cases the standard 2.5W USB 2 socket will just not keep up.