Dude,
I dont thing there is an aswer to this one. think about it. when villages bacame towns (long before cities) how would people find particular houses? they couldn't say 'Jacks' house as they would have done in smaller communities where everyone knew one another. In tribes there would not have been a problem either. my guess is that this would have went as far back as ancient Rome or even ancient Egypt. And im certain that this event would not have emerged from one place alone. Im guessing that many countries came up with similar solutions for this which all amalgomated into using numbers as we know them today.