Itches are caused by the release of certain chemicals depending upon the cause of the itch.......usually it is the release of a chemical called histamine.
Scratching doesn't always cure it , but when it does, then the scratch acts as a counter-irritant.......the scratch is more noticeable then the itch.
This sounds daft, but i can guarantee if i am washing up, as soon as i put my hands in the sink to do the dishes, my nose starts to itch, and it drives me mad, its not a reaction to the fact of washing up, but there must be some chemical in the washing up liquid, that literally gets up my nose.