Yes, there can be. The scientific name for the condition is Hyperdontia and there have been many well publicised cases. There have been elderly people with rotting teeth who have had their remaining permanent teeth extracted in order to facilitate denture fitting only to find a completely new set of teeth emerging from their jawbone in later years.
Similarly, young adults have had permanent teeth extracted only to find that dental x-rays reveal a new set of permanent teeth forming in their jaws Often these situations demand major intervention by the dentist when for example, the second permanent teeth have been realigned via braces etc.
Patients in these circumstances can often demonstrate a series of X-rays taken on an annual basis which show the development of the teeth from the initial budding to the fully formed tooth.
In general terms, apart from the wisdom teeth, molars are far rarer to develop as a third set of teeth. No one knows the reason for this precisely, but there is a suspicion it's linked to a particular gene.
For more information, Google "Hyperdontia"