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I'm entering the centre part in a different way by using cut/paste & an OCR.
......... in which people only breathe under water and have a banal hatred for those who have lungs instead of gills. It is also difficult for Westerners to imagine that this is not simply an aberration that can be cor-rected by "democratic reforms". That an entire country can be in the grip of this underwater breathing. That the monologue dictated from the top can become so dominant that it embraces landscape, architecture, language, ideology; produ-ces identical cities, streets and monuments, films and television programmes; one giant prison cell ruled by a brutal hierarchy. That the egg laid by Stalin's USSR in North Korea (and the Russian Feder-ation has been laying those little eggs unobstructed in Europe for thirty years, since the collapse of the Soviet Union, from Transnistria and Abkhazia to the "Donbas republics") could hatch, three generations later, into a ready-made model for the televised vir-tual reality of a new Stalinism that would embrace (for, the time being at least) all of Russia, with the addition of Belarus. That Bucha was not an excess, but an inevitability. One could name dozens of reasons for the West's blindness to Russian totalitarianism. The most obvi-ous are, of course, the unlearnt lessons of the USSR, and most of all the deceptive discourse around the Second World War, in which all crimes against humanity were ascribed, by silent consensus, to the vanquished totalitarianism. Meanwhile, the victori-ous totalitarianism spent almost fifty years becom-ing more entrenched and bloated, subject to no legal judgement, so that when Russia ultimately had appointed as its leader an officer of the KGB - an organization that, since 1918, had been responsible for some of the largest-scale and longest-lasting crimes against humanity in modern history -nobody in the West was horrified as they might have been if it had been a former Gestapo officer. Nobody, to my knowledge, considered the fact that, after four generations of state terror, Russian society would be ready to accept it as the norm, because four generations is already longer than the span of living memory ("It's always been this way!"). The West was neither morally nor intellectually ready for this challenge. We are still awaiting a com-plete study of how the Kremlin systematically, over decades, corrupted the West, much as Dmitry Nekh-lyudov defiles Katyusha Maslova in Tolstoy's Resur-rection. And here I mean not only the instances of collaboration recorded in the FSB's closed archives, but also something more subtle - the long-term blur-ring in Western culture of the boundaries of what is acceptable, the gradual shift from the European rationalization of evil to the Russian normalization of it. One of Tolstoy's observations is that human consciousness is pliable and expertly skilled at self-justification. When Katyusha becomes a prostitute, her image of the world changes in such a way that giving her body to men to rape for money is, if not quite honourable, then at least a completely normal choice. This, in fact, is a model for all Russian litera-ture, which is still considered European and human-ist: Russian literature has, for 200 years, painted a picture of the world in which the criminal is to be pitied not condemned. ...... cont.