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Vinegar
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For more on marking an answer as the "Best Answer", please visit our FAQ.Vinegar is actually dilute ethanoic (or acetic) acid, usually no more than 4 - 8 % by volume.
You wouldn't want to go anywhere near concentrated ethanoic acid. It's highly corrosive causing blisters to the skin, and the vapour will damage your eyes and nasal passages.
When you put vinegar on your hot chips and then inhale deeply, it makes you choke. This is because the hot chips increase the amount of vapour available for you to 'sniff up' (compared with sniffing a bottle of cold vinegar).
Real vinegars are made from naturally fermented products, such as wine, cider or "beer" (this is what 'malt' vinegar effectively is made from), which have a bacteria culture added to them to 'acetify' them (turn them to vinegar). The word 'vinegar' come from Old French 'vin �igre' meaning 'off wine'.
They actually contain a variety of organic acids (lactic, malic, tartaric acids etc.) that are all naturally produced by bacteria. It is these carboxylic acids that give real vinegars their complex aroma and taste.
The stuff you get in chip shops is NBC or 'Non Brewed Condiment'. This is made from industrial ethanoic acid diluted down to about 5% and (usually) caramel added to give it colour and a bit of 'background' sweetness.