Had to walk the dog and think about Africa, I do like me history. ;-)
There was no great movement for self determination in Africa that I can recall either there or the west.
Anti imperialism had lagely subsided with the death of Gladstone in the 19th century, so Egypt would have remained a British protectorate, the weakspot in the African empires was Portugal so there may have been an incursion over that.
The Balkans were already a tinder box of ethnic tensions so a multitude of small wars would have broke out, newly indepedent Bulgaria coveted Macedonia, Serbia wanted unity, Poland existed in the hearts of it's people, Albania and Macedonia wanted independence.
The Great War was avoidable without Bismarckian diplomacy or at the very least if the Schlieffen plan did not involve the invasion of Belgium it may not have involved us.
I've read the other posts now too, many countries were not indepedent in the second half of the 20th century, the eastern bloc were sovreign states but subservient to Moscow.
Increased access to education and new political and social thinking added to mass transportation meant a huge melting pot of ideas, the Great War heralded the end of the old ways of thinking, it heralded the end of empires and absolute monarchies.
The great imponderable for the war is the talent it denied to the world, how many people who would have become great scientists, doctors, artists, poets, engineers, trade unionists, politicians and legislators died?
That is the tragedy of war.