sounds like an old system bit of history would help, the evidence of filthy water leads me to suggest the whole system need a good flush out, if the system was OK before then you should not need to go round altering any settings on pumps etc, that in itself is for the pro,the pump is trying to pump sludge round and the only relief is up the expansion tank,if the boiler thermo had gone it would probably cut out on the over heat any way, but by then it would be making i had better tun you OFF rumble noises
HTH Tez