It is possible that you one of those folk who seem to get attracted, or to attract, a similar personality type each time; but let's not make assumptions at this point.
Obviously not being there at the time I can't be certain of the tone or circumstances regarding the incident where the, "talking about cars", was mentioned, but on the face of your description it does seem strange to have taken offence to a flippant comment. Maybe there was an undisclosed reason it may have felt like a dig to him, but I think I'd at least take it as something to note, just in case it wasn't a one off inappropriate reaction.
I don't attach too much importance to the subsequent decision to go home. He may have been telling the truth about realising his need to be up early or more likely he was still feeling annoyed at the earlier incident and felt it tipped the balance regarding where he spent the night. So be it. It is your interpretation that it is punishment. More likely he just wasn't in the mood any longer.
Pleading to stay sounds a bad move. Sad enough you felt that needy; IMO ought not have shown it.
No you don't really have a right to deliver ultimatums about your loved one having to stay. Well ok you can do what you want, but I'd advise against raising the stakes in some kind of power struggle. You simply haven't built the sort of relationship yet where staying is necessarily the expected activity. It is early days. You need to slow down rather than push this.
I appreciate that past experiences may have coloured how you feel, but in my opinion you need to hold yourself in higher esteem, not feel so devastated when someone opts not to stay. And whilst it is worth noting the unexpected reaction to your comment as a possible warning, for now treat it as learning issue about how he feels about things, and give him the benefit of the doubt. At least until you are convinced this also isn't someone you can form a relationship with.