1. Deobandi - a subset of the Hanafi sect, a revivalist movement.
2. Salafi and Wahhabis are synonymous with each other....the fundamentalist wing of Sunnites and within that the 'dangerous' side of it, unfortunately, the Saudi royals being largely considered as members, though things do get tempered by their Imams and the last King.
3. I have no idea of financing - without research....I would add that there is likely to be a difference between capital financing (capex) and ongoing opex the Wahhabis strong on the former - that is speculation though.
4. Quranism and Liberalism along with many sects within the tapestry of Islam...
Sunni, Shia, Deobandi, Bharelvi, Ahhmadiya, Wahhabi, Ismaeli, Ithna Asharia, Alawi, Druze, Bidati, Dawoodi Bhoras, Usuli, Alavi Bhoras, Naqshbandiya, Darvish, Chisti, Zaidis, Kharijites, Khatmiyya, Tijaniyya, etc, etc. tens, if not hundreds exist as Islamic sects.
Some are ultra-orthodox and some are moderate, none can be said to be progressive. If we in the West are ever going to understand Islam we need to understand that there are important differences between Islamic sects and between the different ETHNIC groups within Islam
Some folk would rather use the specific names of the various groups when discussing Islam. If we discuss Pakistan we must understand the differences between the Deobandi and the Bharelvi. If we discuss Iraq we must understand the difference between the Usuli and Alavi Bhoras in Shi'ite politics. If we want to discuss Sufism we must understand that some Sufi sects are ultra orthodox – there is a vast difference between the Naqshbandiya of the Caucasus and the Naqshbandiya in the US – the Naqshbandiya in the Caucasus are jihadis - and this causes many of the problems of misunderstanding that flow forth.
I understand that all this serves to complicate matters – and this is why people revert to simplisms such as 'moderate' Muslim. But I'm afraid it's important, especially when a supposed moderate Muslim is put forward as a spokesperson for Islam. He or she may not be a legitimate spokesperson at all, just a spokesperson for the views of the sect he or she belongs to.
Confusing, yes, but very important for the understanding of this.
4. Sudan, (North) mainly Sunni Islam of the Maliki school of jurisprudence, deeply influenced with Sufism, making Sudan one of the most tolerant Muslim majority countries in the world - Shia in Khartoum though.
Somalia, mainly Sunni based off the Ash’ariyah theologyamd Shafi’i jurisprudence, and Sufism, until recent decades when Salafism has made inroads - big regional differences though.
6. Travel to all in the ME but Iran in my case, plus the North Coast of Africa and down to Kenya, inc Sudan and Somalia.
7. I am more than old enough to remember Northern Ireland and was involved in one London incident so, politely so, on this one you can fecking well eff off.