retrograde is normally used to refer to an apparent orbit. That is the way a planet appears to move through the sky.
This happens when the Earth "Overtakes" a planet like Mars.
As we overtake Mars it appears to go backwards like this:
http://agham.asti.dost.gov.ph/1998/2nd/extras/ images/sRetro.jpg
It was strong evidence that the Earth goes around the sun and not the other way around. To make the system work the other way around Ptolemy had to introduce crystal sphere's going around other crystal spheres and all sorts of nonsense.
So obviously the Earth cannot sudenly start going backwards