Israel is allowed to compete in the eurovision as it's TV broadcaster pays to be part of the EBU - European Broadcasting Union. Countries that could also take part in the Eurovision if they wished would include Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Libya etc etc the list goes on. If Palastine had it's own broadcasting company and it paid its membership to the EBU - They would be allowed to participate if they wished to. As for the athletics - cannot help there. But dont forget Cyprus is only a mere few hundred miles from Israel and Palestine, Turkey is part Europe and part Asia, and Russia borders with such countries as China !!