It's not that simple.
Firstly you can see which updates have been installed on your main PC by going to Windows Update and selecting History.
This lists the updates and tells you what each one is for.
However it would not be practicable for MS to let you just download these to disk as some of the updates are roll-ups and some need the PC to be re-booted after install before the next one can be installed. There is no way for you to tell which is which.
You are in danger of ending up with an unstable system this way.
Quite honestly, I cannot see your reasoning behind this question. As long as you have all necessary security software installed, i.e. Firewall,anti-virus and adware, you are better off going on line and installing the updates in the proper manner