No. It used to be the case that they could but the law has been changed.
Quote:
"You could be prosecuted if we find that you have been watching, recording or downloading programmes illegally. The maximum penalty is a £1,000 fine plus any legal costs and/or compensation you may be ordered to pay".
If you’re posting this because you’ve received an email threatening prosecution for you not paying your licence, it may well be a hoax There’s one doing the rounds. Check it out online, incl with the tv licensing website