My toilet pan has barely any water in the u-bend. i know this is to do with the cistern draining into it. It fills after a flush, then drains to almost empty aftyer 10 minutes or so, but not quite empty. I don't think there's any leaks, is it pipe, cistern or another problem?
This more normally occurs because movement of water in the drains on the sewer side of your toilet pan is syphoning the water from the U-bend and into the sewer side (put technically, the air pressure on the sewer side is being lowered so the U-bend water is being pushed out into the sewer). If it is this the case, the 'closed' soil system needs to be vented. This means there should be a soil stack which is open to the air at a high level (above the eaves level).