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Essay Referencing
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I'm writing a couple of essays at uni and I'm supposed to be using the Harvard referencing system, but the guide I have doesn't tell me what to do if I'm making multiple references to the same book. And some of them are mixed up as well, i.e. I'll quote a first books, and then a second and then back to the first and then the third etc. Is there any way to avoid referencing all the book details again? right now the footnotes take up like half of each page!
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I'm not sure what the Harvard referencing system demands, but in the UK referencing of the sort you mention is:
1) Where there are two successive footnotes or endnotes referring to the same work, for the second you put "ibid."
2) Where there is more than one reference to the same work, but they aren't successive, you put "op cit."
Hence if you are referencing two books - "How To Do It" by J Jones and "What To Do" by T. Smith, the references would look something like this:
1) Jones, J, "How To Do It", London 2004, p 44
2) Smith, T., "What To Do", New York 1998, p 158
3) ibid., p 163
4) Jones, op. cit., p51
1) Where there are two successive footnotes or endnotes referring to the same work, for the second you put "ibid."
2) Where there is more than one reference to the same work, but they aren't successive, you put "op cit."
Hence if you are referencing two books - "How To Do It" by J Jones and "What To Do" by T. Smith, the references would look something like this:
1) Jones, J, "How To Do It", London 2004, p 44
2) Smith, T., "What To Do", New York 1998, p 158
3) ibid., p 163
4) Jones, op. cit., p51
I think we use the Harvard system, i'm sure we got told not to do footnotes though, just to put the authors name, the year the book was published and the page number directly after the quote, eg:
(Smith, 2008:1)
and then in the bibliography write it in full.
I also think you might do the bibliography alphabetically although im unsure on that.
(Smith, 2008:1)
and then in the bibliography write it in full.
I also think you might do the bibliography alphabetically although im unsure on that.
I think you can either reference in footnotes or within the text. I've noticed quite a few social science type essays reference directly in the text, but as an historian I was always told to use footnotes/endnotes, especially where you have a lot of references.
You can get MS Word to add footnotes or end notes automatically.
You can get MS Word to add footnotes or end notes automatically.
Rock-n-roll is correct - use a small notation in the script, then a bibliography at the end (this is what's expected with the Harvard system).
A great guide to Harvard format is here
http://library.leeds.ac.uk/info/200201/trainin g/218/references_and_citations_explained/3
A great guide to Harvard format is here
http://library.leeds.ac.uk/info/200201/trainin g/218/references_and_citations_explained/3
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