I agree about the 16 feet 6 inches. Bridge headrooms used to be indicated in multiples of 3 inches. In addition the requirement on the highway authorities is (or was) to build in a small safety margin of between 3 and 5 inches.
The height was measured from the road surface to the underside of the bridge at several obvious points, depending on the shape of the underside of the bridge and the shape of the road surface, and the lowest height measurement was used.
Then the safety margin was applied. So, for instance if the lowest headroom was measured as 16 feet 3 inches the figure displayed on the signs would be 16 feet 0 inches. If the measurement was 16 feet 2 inches, the figure stated on the warning signs would be 15 feet 9 inches.
But then, did you want to know this???