kendria, sorry if you already know all this, but when India was generously granted independence from Britain (it had been civilised while the British were still painting themselves with woad), Pakistan was part of it; it broke away at the same time, to set up a Muslim state. In those days it included East and West Pakistan; the latter also broke away later to become Bangladesh. That first partition involved mass migration and bloodshed. Kashmir remains an unresolved boundary issue from this time.